Preservatives

Preservatives:


Preservative: which prevent microbial growth.
An agent used in liquid and semisolid preparation to prevent the growth of fungi. It also use as anti fungal agent.
 

For example:

-  Benzyl alcohol 

-  Phenol 

-  Benzyl conium chloride 

-  Methyl paraben

-  Propyl paraben 

-  Butyl paraben 

-  Boric acid 

-  Sodium salicylate 

-  Thimersal

Name of Materials                                              Using Concentration

1.      Glycerin	<20 %
2.      Propylene glycol	15 – 30 %
3.      Sodium methyl paraben	I.V.=0.065 – 0.25 %
	I.M.= 0.065 – 0.25 %
	S.C.= 0.065 – 0.25 %
	Topical=0.02 – 0.03 %
	Ophthalmic=.015-.2%
	Nasal=0.033 %
	Oral =0.015 – 0.2 %
	Vaginal= 0.1 – 0.18 %
	Intradermal=0.10 %
4.      Sodium propyl paraben	I.V.= 0.005 – 0.2 %
	I.M.= 0.005 – 0.2 %
	S.C.= 0.005 – 0.2 %
	Topical=0.1 – 0.6 %
	Ophthalmic=0.005 - 0.01%.
	Nasal=0.017 %
	Oral = 0.01 – 0.02 %
	Vaginal= 0.02- 0.1 %
	Intradermal=.02-.26 %
5.      Benzoic acid	I.M.,I.V.=0.17 %
	Topical= 0.1- 0.2 %
	Oral sol=0.01-0.1 %
	Vaginal=0.1 – 0.2 %
6.      Sodium benzoate	Oral= 0.02 – 0.5 %
	Parenteral=0.1 – 0.5 %
7.      Cetrimide	Eye drop=0.005 %
8.      Bronopol	0.1 – 0.1 %